Pretty common for the coolant pumps to fail, (bearings) around 140k miles, like mine, but never heard of the impellers breaking off. Mine took out the serpentine belt with it. A friend had the same experience with his. We both have the 6.7l, but the pumps should be the same.
Did your serpentine belt break? If not maybe it continued spinning the pump with bad bearings and the prolonged wobble caused them to contact surfaces around them? Just a guess.
Good luck getting all the pieces out. You might think about a Dodge or Cummins dealer for help. They might have experience with your problem. Also if they flush it out and replace the pump for you their work should be warranted.
Did your serpentine belt break? If not maybe it continued spinning the pump with bad bearings and the prolonged wobble caused them to contact surfaces around them? Just a guess.
Good luck getting all the pieces out. You might think about a Dodge or Cummins dealer for help. They might have experience with your problem. Also if they flush it out and replace the pump for you their work should be warranted.